WTO.美国通报2023及以后车型车辆温室气体排放标准

美国通报修订了2023及以后车型车辆温室气体排放标准

编号：G/TBT/N/USA/1760

拟议规则-环境保护局（EPA）提议修订2023年及以后车型车辆的温室气体（GHG）排放标准，使标准更加严格。2021年1月20日，拜登总统发布行政命令13990“保护公共卫生和环境，恢复科学以应对气候危机”。或废除之前根据2020年4月颁布的“2021-2026车型年乘用车和轻型卡车的更安全、经济实惠的燃油效率（SAFE）车辆规则”修订的标准。SAFE规则大大削弱了2012年制定的标准，其中部分规定了2021-25车型年的GHG标准。EPA认为，鉴于轻型车辆对交通部门GHG排放的重大贡献，根据《清洁空气法》，比安全规则中放松的标准更严格的标准是合适的。环境保护局建议修订温室气体标准，使其在2023年至2026年的每个车型年都比安全规则标准更为严格。环境保护局还建议增加一些灵活性，以鼓励采用零排放和接近零排放技术的车辆的生产和销售，以降低合规成本，并解决排放提前期问题拟议的标准。此外，环境保护局正在提出一些技术修正案，以澄清和简化我们的法规。以制造商合理的成本遵守拟议标准是可行的。拟议的修订标准将主要通过大幅减少温室气体排放量和燃料消耗以及驾驶员支付的相关燃料成本，为公共卫生和福利带来重大好处，拟议标准的好处将远远超过成本。

最后评论日期：2021年9月27日

英文原文：

Proposed rule - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to revise the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards for light-duty vehicles for 2023 and later model years to make the standards more stringent. On 20 January 2021, President Biden issued Executive Order 13990 "Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science To Tackle the Climate Crisis" directing EPA to consider whether to propose suspending, revising, or rescinding the standards previously revised under the "The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021-2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks," promulgated in April 2020. The SAFE rule significantly weakened the standards established in 2012, which in part set GHG standards for model years 2021-25. EPA believes that in light of the significant contribution of light-duty vehicles to transportation sector GHG emissions, standards more stringent than those relaxed in the SAFE rule are appropriate under the Clean Air Act. EPA is proposing to revise the GHG standards to be more stringent than the SAFE rule standards in each model year from 2023 through 2026. EPA is also proposing to include several flexibilities to incentivize the production and sale of vehicles with zero and near-zero emissions technology to reduce compliance costs and to address the lead time of the proposed standards. In addition, EPA is proposing some technical amendments to clarify and streamline our regulations. Compliance with the proposed standards would be feasible at reasonable costs to manufacturers. The proposed revised standards would result in significant benefits for public health and welfare, primarily through substantial reductions in both GHG emissions and fuel consumption and associated fuel costs paid by drivers, and the benefits of the proposed standards would be far in excess of costs.

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