美国通报自动驾驶系统的乘员保护

编号：G/TBT/N/USA/1593/Add.1

标题：配备自动驾驶系统的车辆的乘员保护

机构：国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA），交通运输部。

行动：最终规则

摘要：本最终规则修订了《乘员保护联邦机动车辆安全标准》（FMVSS），以考虑到未来的车辆不具备与人类驾驶员相关的传统手动控制，因为它们配备了自动驾驶系统（ADS）。这项最终规则明确指出，尽管其设计具有创新性，但采用ADS技术的车辆必须继续提供与当前乘用车相同的高水平乘员保护。乘员保护标准目前是为传统设计的车辆编写的，使用的术语如“驾驶员座椅”和“方向盘”，对于缺乏方向盘或其他驾驶员控制装置的车辆设计没有意义。该最终规则以澄清现有术语的方式更新了标准，同时避免了不必要的术语，并在这样做的过程中，解决了在没有传统手动控制的情况下，将标准应用于配备ADS的车辆时存在的歧义。此外，本最终规则以尽可能保持现有法规文本的方式对标准进行了修订，以明确本规则保持了目前在更传统设计的车辆中为乘员提供的碰撞保护水平。本最终规则仅限于耐撞性标准，以提供一套适用于具有和不具有ADS功能的车辆的统一法规文本。

日期：

生效日期：2022年9月26日。允许选择提前遵守（即在生效日期之前）。复议申请必须在2022年5月16日或之前收到。截至2012年2月6日，署长批准通过引用方式纳入本规则所列的某些出版物。

英文原文：

TITLE: Occupant Protection for Vehicles With Automated Driving Systems?

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation.?

ACTION: Final rule?

SUMMARY: This final rule amends the occupant protection Federal motor vehicle safety standards (FMVSSs) to account for future vehicles that do not have the traditional manual controls associated with a human driver because they are equipped with Automated Driving Systems (ADS). This final rule makes clear that, despite their innovative designs, vehicles with ADS technology must continue to provide the same high levels of occupant protection that current passenger vehicles provide. The occupant protection standards are currently written for traditionally designed vehicles and use terms such as "driver's seat" and "steering wheel," that are not meaningful to vehicle designs that, for example, lack a steering wheel or other driver controls. This final rule updates the standards in a manner that clarifies existing terminology while avoiding unnecessary terminology, and, in doing so, resolves ambiguities in applying the standards to ADS-equipped vehicles without traditional manual controls. In addition, this final rule amends the standards in a manner that maintains the existing regulatory text whenever possible, to make clear that this rule maintains the level of crash protection currently provided occupants in more traditionally designed vehicles. This final rule is limited to the crashworthiness standards to provide a unified set of regulatory text applicable to vehicles with and without ADS functionality.?

DATES:

Effective date: 26 September 2022. Optional early compliance (i.e., prior to the effective date) is permitted. Petitions for reconsideration must be received on or before 16 May 2022. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the rule was approved by the Director as of 6 February 2012.

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